Psychometric development and evaluation of a COVID-19 social stigma scale in Indonesia.

Stigma remains a significant problem globally, creating barriers to services for individuals in need, regardless of access to services. The stigma of COVID-19 primarily happened because it is a new disease with several unknowns, and these unknowns generate fear. This study aimed to conduct a psychometric development and evaluate the Public COVID-19 Stigma Scale that follows the Indonesian community's cultural background. This study used research and development design to measure the COVID-19 stigma through six steps that include seven dimensions and is culturally sensitive, starting from a literature review through to psychometric evaluation. This study was community based and was conducted in 26 regions in the Sumedang Regency. The research and development step ran from July 2021 to November 2022, with a total of 1,686 respondents. The results showed that the social stigma scale for COVID-19 consisted of 11 valid and reliable items that were separated into seven dimensions: social distancing (1 item), traditional prejudice (7 items), exclusionary sentiments (2 items), negative affect (2 items), treatment carryover (1 item), disclosure carryover (2 items), and perception of dangerousness (1 item). Further research needs to be conducted to examine the level of stigma and determine interventions to overcome the social stigma around COVID-19 in the community.

Early Stage of COVID-19 Spreading and Simulation Trend using The Spatiotemporal Epidemiologic Modeler (STEM), Case Study in Jakarta

COVID-19 virus is transmitted from human to human through splashes of saliva when the sufferer coughs, sneezes, or talks and is inhaled by the people around him. The spread of this virus started from the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019 which quickly spread to cities outside Wuhan including Jakarta, Indonesia. The same is in other countries, the local government in Jakarta taking some emergency decisions to minimize the virus spreading including the movement control order (MCO). This paper discusses the simulation of COVID-19 spreading in the early stage in Jakarta using a different model of disease spreading available on The Spatiotemporal Epidemiologic Modeler (STEM). The focus of this simulation is to see the effect of MCO on the COVID-19 spreading in the local area in Indonesia. The result shows that the MCO contribute to the decreasing of case number with some certain period of lag time. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

The Roles of Community Health Nurses' in Covid-19 Management in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study.

Background: The majority of Covid-19 cases occur at the community level requiring health services to be available at the primary health care level, which also includes Community Health Nursing (CHN) services. It is important to understand various perspectives of the parties involved, effective solutions, and strategies used by nurses in managing Covid-19 in order to be able to provide these services. The purpose of this study was to explore the community health nurses' (CHNs) roles in the Covid-19 management in Indonesia. Methods: A qualitative method was used to explore the perspective from nurses and health cadres as participants. Data were collected through in-depth phone interviews with 11 participants from December 2020 to February 2021 in Bandung. Data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis. Results: Five themes were extracted in this study, namely providing comprehensive services by CHNs; utilizing technology to bridge the information needs; implementing family nursing care; spreading the wings of health cadres by CHNs; and collaborating as the heart of Covid-19 prevention and management. Conclusion: CHNs should employ health education, empowerment strategies, group processes, and advocacy in adapting to the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The five themes identified in this study can be used by policy makers to develop strategies in optimizing the CHN in Covid-19 pandemic management and the possible challenges of future global pandemics.

Analisis peran orang tua dalam penerapan 3M pada anak usia dini di masa pandemi

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan kondisi pandemi akibat COVID-19. Peranan orang tua menjadi penentu dalam keberlangsungan keluarga terutama masalah anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat peran orang tua dalam menerapkan perilaku 3M (Memakai Masker, Mencuci Tangan, dan Menjaga Jarak). Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan mendeskripsikan penerapan 3M pada anak usia dini. Objek penelitian adalah Orang Tua murid Labschool Kiddie Care. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa orang tua mengalami kendala saat memantau anak dalam menerapkan perilaku 3M. Kendalanya adalah anak-anak terkadang tidak menaati perintah orang tuanya dan tidak disiplin dalam menerapkan anjurannya. Selain itu pula orang tua pun terdapat ketidakdisiplinan dalam memantau anak. Meskipun demikian tidak terdapat kejadian penularan penyakit dalam penelitian. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan daya tahan tubuh orang tua dan dan anak telah tercapai

Culture versus technology: Bridging the gap to improve covid-19 prevention and care based on the COVID-19 task force perspectives

BACKGROUND: The diversity of Indonesians’ cultural backgrounds is a challenge for Indonesia’s coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 Task Force efforts to prevent COVID-19. The “infodemic” or misleading information in the community generates both positive and negative responses toward COVID-19. AIM: The study aims to explore the extent of Indonesia’s COVID-19 prevention and care efforts based on the perspective of the COVID-19 Task Force officers, as the frontline in society. METHODS: This descriptive qualitative study explored the extent of COVID-19 prevention and care based on the perspective of 16 COVID-19 Task Force participants from each region in Sumedang, Indonesia. Data collection was undertaken during the pandemic through semi-structured interviews using telephone (n = 13) and face-to-face (n = 3) approaches. RESULTS: Four themes emerged: community sentiment toward COVID-19, origin of COVID-19 in the region, collective cultural activities in local communities, and the use of information and communication technology related to COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Collaboration with religious leaders and community leaders to integrate the concept of cultural care with the use of technology can be developed to improve COVID-19 prevention and care. © 2021 Raini Diah Susanti, Neti Juniarti, Desy Indra Yani, Nurani Nurhasanah.

Pharmaceutical Approaches on Antimicrobial Resistance: Prospects and Challenges.

The rapid increase in pathogenic microorganisms with antimicrobial resistant profiles has become a significant public health problem globally. The management of this issue using conventional antimicrobial preparations frequently results in an increase in pathogen resistance and a shortage of effective antimicrobials for future use against the same pathogens. In this review, we discuss the emergence of AMR and argue for the importance of addressing this issue by discovering novel synthetic or naturally occurring antibacterial compounds and providing insights into the application of various drug delivery approaches, delivered through numerous routes, in comparison with conventional delivery systems. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of these delivery systems in different types of infectious diseases associated with antimicrobial resistance. Finally, future considerations in the development of highly effective antimicrobial delivery systems to combat antimicrobial resistance are presented.

Characteristics of land for development of sorghum (sorghum bicholor L.) As a supplement due to outbreak of Covid-19 on sub optimal land in Padang Laweh West Sumatera, Indonesia

Sorghum is a dry land food crop that has great potential developed in Indonesia. The results proved that sorghum is the most appropriate crop of choice in an effort to increase the productivity of dry land that is acid, empty land or other non-productive land such as mining land that has been done by PT. Semen Tonasa in 2012.While Juniarti in 2009-2011 has been planting sorghum on the soil of Andisol, Entisol and Regosol in two seasons;winter and summer at Shobara, Hiroshima Perfecture Japan. The planted sorghum can produce biomass that can be utilized as an energy source used for the cultivation of strawberries in greenhouses and the utilization of energy in the household scope of Shobara-Hiroshima. The development of sorghum, the land productivity will be increased and support the development of sustainable agriculture and the increased of Indonesian food production. Through the research collaboration that has been done with PT. Agro Indah Permata 21 since 2015 has been planting sorghum in Padang Laweh, Koto VII District Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera Indonesia with planting area of proximate 8 T/Ha and has produced production of 10 T/Ha of wheat seeds. The results of planting sorghum that has been done to produce sorghum seed products that have been processed into flour and sugar products from the stem of sorghum as a supplement due to outbreak of COVID-19. By evaluating land characteristics appropriate for the development of sorghum plants, in Padang Laweh, West Sumatra Indonesia. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.